Which process involves synthesizing a polypeptide from mRNA?

Which process involves synthesizing a polypeptide from mRNA?

• A. Mutation
• B. Translation
• C. Transcription
• D. Replication

Answer: (C)

Translating an mRNA sequence into a protein is translation. In this process, the ribosome reads codons on the messenger RNA and tRNA molecules bring the corresponding amino acids. The ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation, creating a growing polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein once translation ends at a stop codon. This is distinct from transcription, which is the synthesis of RNA from DNA; replication, which copies DNA; and mutation, which is a change in the DNA sequence.

Translating an mRNA sequence into a protein is translation. In this process, the ribosome reads codons on the messenger RNA and tRNA molecules bring the corresponding amino acids. The ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation, creating a growing polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein once translation ends at a stop codon. This is distinct from transcription, which is the synthesis of RNA from DNA; replication, which copies DNA; and mutation, which is a change in the DNA sequence.